Yakov Mikhaylovich Sverdlov, (born May 22 [June 3, New Style], 1885, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia—died March 16, 1919, Moscow), Soviet Communist Party leader and government official.His organizational skills and mastery of personnel made him a key figure in the Bolshevik Party in 1917–18. Voikov was killed in Warsaw in June 1927 by the Russian émigré Boris Koverda. has been repeatedly vandalized by local monarchists, who regularly douse his gravestone with red paint. They lived in Nizhni … Click HERE to read my article Yakov Yurovskys’ ashes remain hidden from vandals in Moscow, published on 23rd November 2019. In 1919 Sverdlov toured the country making speeches encouraging people to support the Bolsheviksin the struggle against the White Army. He fled from Ekaterinburg, but, was captured, and he was charged with “murder by prior conspiracy with other persons and the seizure of the property of the former Emperor Nicholas II, his wife Alexandra Feodorovna, the heir to Alexei Nikolaevich and Grand Duchesses Olga, Maria , Tatyana, Anastasia, as well as the physician Dr. Botkin, the maid Anna Demidova, the cook Kharitonov and the footman Troupe. Yakov Sverdlov was the formal head of state of the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic. Among them was Shaya Itsikovich, known as. “In 1919, Medvedev died in prison from typhus, however, his widow claimed that he was killed by White Guards. The red paint symbolizes the blood which this evil man spilled, and his involvement in the brutal murder of Nicholas II and his family on 17th July 1918. Not only did these men committed regicide, they also helped to drown Russia in blood. And as Stalin succeeded Sverdlov in his post, there has also been speculation that he engineered his colleague’s murder. Yakov’s father was a Jewish engraver who also secretly traded with false documents and arms. He lived until 1938 and died of a duodenal ulcer. Another version is that he died of tuberculosis. During interrogation, Koverda stated about the motives of his act: “I avenged Russia, for millions of people.” Boris Koverda spent 10 years in Polish prisons and was granted amnesty. “He confiscated a camera from the Tsarina. She served a sentence in the Karaganda forced labour camp until 1946. Since the 1990s, Ermakov’s grave in the Ivanovo Cemetery in Ekaterinburg. They decided to keep the information they found concerning Yakov Dzhugashvili’s death a secret. Old Russia - Yakov Sverdlov 1903.jpg 905 × 1,300; 320 KB. The youngest regicide was Viktor Netrebin. Святы Царственные мученики, молите Бога о нас! Two died after falling from a roof, while the other two were burned to death in a fire. His father was Mikhail “Moishe” Izrailevich Sverdlov, an engraver who sometimes forged official stamps and documents to support his family. The cook Kharitonov was huddled over in the corner. He fell backwards. Dancers of the Jerusalem Ballet are performing “Memento – … These were published May 19, 1905, a date … The eldest son Alexander, ended up in the Butyrka prison in 1952, but was released a year later. Yakov, one of six children, was around 15 when his mother, Elizaveta Solomonova, died. To this day, historians and investigators are not entirely sure of all those who participated in the regicide, only the names of some of them are known – those who admitted that they were a participant in the regicide, or those of whom were identified by witnesses. He is buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis, in Moscow. After the short-lived 1905 revolution against the czarist regime, he became a political organizer in the Ural mountains. He often boasted of his crime, without feeling any sense of remorse: “I shot the Tsarina who was seated only six feet away, I could not miss. If you would like to be notified when your comment is published, please fill in your email address in the form below. [Image: Yakov Yurovsky, last commandant of the Ipatiev House, the site of the … She sank to the floor, shielding herself with pillows. The Jerusalem Ballet is paying tribute to Franceska Mann, a Polish dancer who put on her last performance en route to Auschwitz’s gas chamber. After his wife's death in 1900, Mikhail converted with his family to the Russian Orthodox Church , married Maria Aleksandrovna Kormiltseva, and had two more sons, Herman and Alexander. Historian Arkadi Waksberg claimed that there were reliable rumours that Sverdlov was beaten to death by workers in Oryol, due to his Jewish origins, and that the incident was covered up to prevent an anti-semitic outburst. Already close to party head Lenin, he now worked in lockstep with him in subverting Alexander Kerensky’s provisional government. Goloshchekin was not present himself during the murders, but he took part in the removal and destruction of the remains. He was the author of the Russian Constitution and one of the chief planners and executioners of the 1917 October Revolution. Regicide was a cherished ambition for this Jewish revolutionary. It was no coincidence that Sergei Broido ended up in the Ipatiev House, but he also took part in the murder of the Imperial family by order. Yurovsky had already proven what he was capable of, so anything was possible! Yurovsky’s shot knocked the Tsesarevich to the floor, where he lay and groaned. After his wife's death in 1900, Mikhail converted with his family to the Russian Orthodox Church, married Maria Aleksandrovna Kormiltseva, and had two more sons, Herman and Alexander. 1885: A Jew Becomes Leader of Russia, if Not for Long, Netanyahu Is Leading Israel Into Civil War Between Jews and Palestinians, 'There's Systematic Expulsion of Arab Society in Israel, and We've Reached a Boiling, On the Brink of War: Hamas Surprised Israel and Will Probably Pay the Price, Canadian Jews Protest ‘Antisemitic’ Allegations Against Former Ambassador to Israel, How a Drunk, Unstable Billionaire Became Netanyahu and Mossad Chief's Confidant, Senior Israeli Army Officials Raise Doubts Over Effectiveness of Gaza Operation, Another Round of Israel-Gaza Fighting Is Over and Nothing Will Change Soon. Statesman. He has become neurasthenic and becomes a misanthrope.” An interesting fact is that Sverdlov did not die of natural causes. In 1906 he was arrested for the first of 14 times, repeatedly escaping and being recaptured. Sverdlov is commonly believed to have died of either typhus or most likely influenza, during the 1918 flu pandemic, after a political visit to Oryol. Святы Царственные мученики, молите Бога о нас! He was born in the village of Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, and spent his much of his early life in prison or in Siberian exile because of his … According to the official version, he died of the Spanish flu, which raged after the First World War, but there is a second version, according to which the workers beat Sverdlov in Oryol and he died from the injuries he sustained. An official version is that Sverdlov died of Sverdlov then told him that the entire family was to be eliminated. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. After her death, Moishe converted himself and his children to Russian Orthodoxy before remarrying. Sverdlov died at the age of 34 in March 1919, from the so-called Spanish fever. In Soviet times, they said that his son was not responsible for his father’s crime, but the apple didn’t fall far from the tree in the Yurovsky family. Pavel Medvedev turned out to be not just a murderer, but also a thief. Diplomat-defector Grigory Besedovsky, who knew Voikov personally, recalled: “As commandant of the Ipatiev House, the execution of the decree was entrusted to Yurovsky. The slaughter of the Romanov family and servants, which took place exactly 100 years ago on this day in 1918, was … The Sverdlov family had six children: two daughters (Sophia and Sara) and four sons (Zinovy, Yakov, Veniamin, and Lev). Pyotr Voikov was also an organizer and participant in the murder of Nicholas II and his family. ( Log Out /  “Yurovsky was a professional photographer,” he says. It was a time of revolutionary fervor and Moishe was highly politicized: He allowed his home to be used to store weapons and to shelter revolutionaries. Yekaterinburg was renamed Sverdlovsk, in his memory, in 1924. Yakov Sverdlov There are still many versions of Sverdlov’s mysterious death on March, 16, 1919. Yakov Sverdlov, in an undated photograph. Even as his illness progressed, he continued to perform his duties as chairman of the Central Committee. Change ), Pavel Medvedev, Yakov Yurovsky and Grigory Nikulin, It is known that the direct leader of the liquidation of the Imperial family was Yankel Khaimovich, better known as. Revolutionary Figure. Some researchers are sure that he died of influenza which he caught in the city of Oryol on one of his business trips. Today, it is once again Yekaterinburg. ( Log Out /  He left a testimony regarding another regicide: “, But there were also those who organized the murders of the Imperial family and their retainers. By adding a comment, I agree to this site’s Terms of use. © Haaretz Daily Newspaper Ltd.All Rights Reserved, Breaking news and analyses straight to your inbox. But there were also those who organized the murders of the Imperial family and their retainers. On 15th October 1939, Goloshchekin was arrested for sympathizing with the Trotskyists. According to the online Russiapedia, Stalin’s bad manners annoyed Sverdlov, who also didn’t appreciate it when Stalin named his dog Yasha, a diminutive of Yakov. Perhaps in vain, because he could have given interesting testimony, having fallen into the hands of the investigators who were engaged in clarifying the fate of the Imperial family. Sverdlov is commonly believed to have died of either typhus or more likely the Spanish flu, after a political visit to the Ukraine and Oryol. The Yakov Sverdlov was one of the ships lost that day after hitting a mine while escorting the flagship Kirov. The son of a Jewish engraver, Sverdlov … Could there be any truth to his idea, or did Radzinsky give birth to yet another Romanov conspiracy theory? After his arrest, and during interrogation the People’s Commissar of Internal Affairs Nikolai Yezhov, claimed that he had a homosexual relationship with Goloshchekin. On 14 March 1919 Sverdlov lost consciousness and on the 16th he died at the age of 33. The personality of Pyotr Ermakov was no less significant in the murders of the Imperial family. There is also the possibility that Yurovsky took such photos to take with him when he left for Moscow after the murders, as evidence to Lenin and Sverdlov that the regicide had been carried out? Yakov Sverdlov (Solomon) was both the Bolshevik party’s executive secretary & chairman of the Central Executive Committee, the head of the Soviet government. Another fact from his biography is particularly noteworthy. ( Log Out /  It was he who came up with the idea of ​​execution, even travelling to Moscow to discuss his plans with Lenin and Sverdlov. Upon their being arrested the revolutionary Yakov Sverdlov ordered the slaughter of Tsar Nicholas II, his entire family, and all assistants. Soviet politician (1885-1919) Upload media. It is known that the direct leader of the liquidation of the Imperial family was Yankel Khaimovich, better known as Yakov Yurovsky. ( Log Out /  Yurovsky was responsible for the order being carried out. According to his own recollections, it was he who killed the Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, the cook Ivan Kharitonov and the doctor Evgeny Botkin. When it split the next year he joined the more radical, Bolshevik side of the Menshevik-Bolshevikdivision. I shot him first in the torso and then in the head. After his wife's death during 1900, Mikhail converted his family to the Russian Orthodox Church , married Maria Aleksandrovna Kormiltsev, and had two more … Could there be any truth to his idea, or did Radzinsky give birth to yet another Romanov conspiracy theory? Voikov was also instructed to read the decree on the execution to the Imperial family, with a motivation that consisted of several lines, and learned this decree by heart in order to read it out as solemnly as possible, believing that thereby he would go down in history as one of the main participants in this tragedy”. Yakov was expelled from school due to truancy and poor behavior and by 1902, he had joined the Russian Social Democratic Workers Party. Kremlin doctors diagnosed him with the Spanish flu. Lost and Found: the Discovery of a Romanov Photo Album in Siberia, Monument to the meeting of Nicholas II and Alexandra Feodorovna in Russia unveiled in Crimea, The fate of the Tsar’s portrait in the Duma, Icon of Tsar-Martyr Nicholas II from Serbia arrives in St. Petersburg, The Ural Mining Institute of Emperor Nicholas II in Ekaterinburg, Museum of the Family of Emperor Nicholas II, Tobolsk, von Falz-Fein, Baron Eduard Oleg Alexandrowitsch. After his release in 1937, he lived another 50 years and died in Washington at the age of 79. An official version is that Sverdlov died of For this Jewish firebrand regicide was a cherished dream. PHOTO: Pyotr Ermakov, Mikhail Medvedev-Kudrin, Pavel Medvedev, Yakov Yurovsky and Grigory Nikulin. Name in native language. At the time of the crime, he was only 17 years old. Yakov Sverdlov, whose Jewish name was Yankel Solomon, ordered the massacre of Tsar Nicholas II, his family and assistants. He became head of the Bolshevik Secretariat, in effect head of personnel. Sverdlov ordered Yurovsky to carry out this order. Yakov’s father never knew of the full extent around his son’s death because it was deemed distasteful by the British to propagate the alleged quarrels between the Russians and their British allies during captivity. Then She Shot an SS Soldier to Death. The leading Russian playwright and historian Edvard Radzinsky was most intrigued by the idea that there was photographic evidence of the murdered remains of the Imperial family. The murders of Emperor Nicholas II, his family and four faithful retainers in Ekaterinburg on 17th July 1918, remains one of the darkest pages in 20th century Russian history. Lenin was both crafty and careful not to leave a paper trail that would implicate him in dubious affairs – murder being one of them. Then I shot Dr. Botkin. According to one version, it was after contracting influenza on a political trip to Kharkiv, while a second version holds that he was killed by anti-Semitic workers in Oryol, in the Urals, and the crime was covered up by the authorities. I also took some silver rings and some other knickknacks.” Medvedev, unlike Ermakov, fell into the hands of Kolchak’s troops. The daughter Rimma was also arrested in March 1938. Historians are divided over Sverdlov’s role in the Romanovs’ execution in Yekaterinburg on July 16, 1918. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. 114 crew members and passengers were lost with the ship. He was found guilty during the show trial and executed by a firing squad on 25 August. He recalled: “Walking around the rooms, I found six 10-ruble credit tickets under the book Закон Божий (God’s Law), in one of them, and appropriated this money for myself. Date of birth. Яков Михайлович Свердлов. Yakov Sverdlov's life is certainly deserving of serious study, but readers should be warned that this biography is a hagiography written by a Stalinist hack. Vaganov, later pierced her throat with his bayonet … ” Death found Vaganov in the same ill-fated year of 1918. Among them was Shaya Itsikovich, known as Philip Goloshchekin, who is known to be one of the organizers. In 1913, after yet another arrest, Sverdlov was sent into internal exile in Turukhansk, in Eastern Siberia, sharing a home with fellow Bolshevik Joseph Stalin. There is also the possibility that Yurovsky took such photos to take with him when he left for Moscow after the murders, as evidence to Lenin and Sverdlov that the regicide had been carried out? Mr. Snow-covered statue of Sverdlov in [[Yekaterinburg, formerly Sverdlovsk.]] It is worth recalling that the blood of Tsar Nicholas II was spilled by Yurovsky. Netrebin disappeared in 1935. It was impossible for him to take pictures immediately after the execution — he was a little bit crazy, they continued to be alive, they continued to kill them. Is this right? Yakov Sverdlov. The fate of many of these regicides also ended tragically, their lives being overtaken by disease or an equally violent death. Radzinsky is a playwright, and perhaps his creative imagination got the better of him, but who knows? It sank near the island of Mohni in the Gulf of Finland. “IF” such photographs ever existed, we can surely assume that they would have been destroyed. Radzinsky is a playwright, and perhaps his creative imagination got the better of him, but who knows? Today, streets, squares and even metro stations of Russia’s cities are named after some of them. But the fact remains: Vaganov did not die of natural causes. On 28th October 1941, Goloshchekin was shot near Samara. The Latvian Jan Cemles also disappeared. It is believed that due to a lack of men to carry out the execution, he was recruited at the last minute by order of Yurovsky.” On 8th March 1937, Broido was first convicted under Article 58 of the RSFSR Criminal Code, for being a Trotskyist, and subsequently shot. Sverdlov detain.JPG 2,177 × 3,831; … Grigori Zinoviev (Radomyslsky) was the head of the Communist International (Comintern) , the central agency for spreading Marxist … Yakov Mikhalovich Sverdlov was born in Nizhny Novgorod, a big city (called Gorky from 1932-990) about 400 kilometers east of Moscow. During the execution, Voikov was supposed to be present, as a delegate to the regional party committee. Wikipedia. These men will forever, have their names inscribed in the history of Russia, not as scientists or engineers, but as murderers. The telegram was also signed by Yakov M. Sverdlov, the head of state, for whom this city, which was called Yekaterinburg at the time of the killing, was renamed in 1924. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. They did not stand on ceremony for long – they killed him on the spot. A colleague and another organizer of the execution of the Imperial family, Yakov Sverdlov, described Goloshchekin as follows: “I stayed with Goloshchekin for several days, things are bad with him. The precise location of the Yakov Sverdlov was … Controversial aspects of Sverdlov's life are either completely ignored, e.g. The order came from Yakov Sverdlov who, just six weeks before, had ordered the execution of the tsar and his family. Perhaps Yakov Sverdlov’s stint as top Bolshevik was dimmed in memory by his untimely death at age 33, under very mysterious circumstances indeed. But afterwards, he had three days. Evidence of this is to be found in the text of leaflets written by Yakov Sverdlov dated May 19, 1905. After the February 1917 revolution, Sverdlov returned to St. Petersburg, the capital. The Jewish Dancer Undressed Slowly. In the critical period before the Bolsheviks seized power, Sverdlov was instrumental in shutting down the Russian parliament. The Sverdlov family had six children: two daughters (Sophia and Sara) and four sons (Zinovy, Yakov, Veniamin, and Lev). He did not have the name of General Secretary, a name which was then not yet invented, but he was that in reality. There were to be no remains of Kaplan, no identifiable martyr to the SR cause. A colleague and another organizer of the execution of the Imperial family, Yakov Sverdlov, described Goloshchekin as follows: “I stayed with Goloshchekin for several days, things are bad with him. He is buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis, in Moscow. They apparently began as friends, but their relations declined after several years together. Media in category "Yakov Sverdlov". Sverdlov died at the age of 34 in March 1919, from the so-called Spanish fever. Kamenev was arrested in 1935 following the assassination of Sergei Kirov and made a chief defendant in 1936 Trial of the Sixteen, which marked the start of the Great Purge. Yakov Mikhailovich Sverdlov. But on the following day, Yurovsky wanted to check whether the order really applied to the whole family or just to the head of the family, the Tsar. Holy Royal Martyrs, pray to God for us! Sverdlov birth record.jpg 960 × 313; 29 KB. No! Mikhail Medvedev-Kudrin, who also took part in the murders, recalled: “It is known that Broido, along with Ermakov and Goloschekin, arrived in a car at the Ipatiev House on the eve of the murder. Your comment was successfully submitted and will be published in accordance with site policy. The bullet hit him in the neck. Yurovsky’s grandchildren were not spared either, dying under mysterious circumstances. Sverdlov died in Moscow, on March 16, 1919. In light of all this, it should not be surprising that Yakov M. Yurovksy, the leader of the Bolshevik squad that carried out the murder of the Tsar and his family, was Jewish, as was Sverdlov, the Soviet chief who co-signed Lenin's execution order. When Kolchak’s army took Ekaterinburg, Vaganov did not escape, instead he hid in a basement, where he was found by relatives of those killed during the raids. He also pushed for Russia to negotiate the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, which allowed it to sue for peace in World War I, and was behind many acts of violence against supporters of the czar. He himself recalled: “I fired the first shot and killed Nikolai on the spot.”. (Pictured: Vladimir Pchelin’s depiction of the assassination … Snow-covered statue of Sverdlov inYekaterinburg, formerly Sverdlovsk. Old Russia - Yakov Sverdlov 1900.jpg 731 × 1,296; 602 KB. Nizhny Novgorod. In any case, as chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee from the revolution until his death a little over a year later, Sverdlov was the nominal head of state, although it’s generally acknowledged that Lenin called the shots. his first marriage (he abandoned his wife and daughter), or fictionalized (his … He, as a scientist and chemist, was instructed to develop a plan for the complete destruction of the bodies. While in Oryol he got he was a victim of the influenza epidemicthat was spreading all of Europe.Yakov Sverdlov died, aged thirty-three, on 16th March, 1919. Joseph Stalin, who was in Tsaritsyn at the time of the assassination attempt, sent a telegram to Yakov Sverdlov suggesting: "having learned about the wicked attempt of capitalist hirelings on the life of the greatest revolutionary, the tested leader and teacher of the proletariat, Comrade Lenin, answer this base attack from ambush … He left a testimony regarding another regicide: “Stepan Vaganov dealt with the grand duchesses: they lay dying in a heap on the floor and groaned … Vaganov continued to shoot at Olga and Tatiana … I don’t think any of us shot the maid Demidova. It is impossible for a man who likes pictures not to take such pictures.”. Imperial Russian destroyer Novik. Sverdlov died in Moscow, on March 16, 1919. Up to the spring of 1919 the chief organizer of the Party had been Sverdlov. My bullet hit her right in the mouth, two seconds later she was dead. Her corpse was bundled into a barrel, and set alight. In between he married twice and had several children. 3 June 1885. In 1951, at a reception, which gathered all the local Party elite in Sverdlovsk, Peter Ermakov approached Soviet Red Army General Georgy Zhukov and held out his hand. He has become neurasthenic and becomes a misanthrope.” An interesting fact is that Sverdlov did not die of natural causes. Yurovsky had already proven what he was capable of, so anything was possible! From then on, Sverdlov’s life was devoted to politics, spending much of it in prison or internal exile. An official version is that Sverdlov died of influenza in Oryol during the 1918 flu pandemic, while returning to Moscow from Kharkiv during one of his political trips and got a flu during one of his outdoor speeches. This is proven by the text of leaflets written by Yakov Sverdlov. The following 49 files are in this category, out of 49 total. He had an opportunity to take a camera to the grave. If his name is not well-known today, at least in the West, it’s probably because of his early death, at 33, under mysterious circumstances that are still in dispute. He was a loyal ally of Lenin and an excellent manager of the party.. Background Lived: 1885-1919. The footman Troupe also fell, I don’t know who shot him … ” Ermakov died of cancer on 22nd May 1952. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. June 3, 1885 is the birthdate of Yakov Sverdlov, the Bolshevik agitator who helped Vladimir Lenin to realize his vision and was even briefly the head of state of the Russian Soviet Socialist Federal Republic. According to one version, it was after contracting influenza on a political trip to Kharkiv, while a second version holds that he was killed by anti-Semitic workers in Oryol, in the Urals, and the crime was covered up by the authorities. [citation needed] The Sverdlov family had six children: two daughters (Sophia and Sara) and four sons (Zinovy, Yakov, Veniamin, and Lev). In his diaries, Leon Trotsky quotes Sverdlov telling him that he, Lenin and other party leaders decided to kill the czar and his immediate family, while other sources dismiss the report as mere folklore. He threw up his hands and half turned away. Frowning in disgust Zhukov looked Ermakov in the eye, and muttered, “I do not shake the hands of murderers.”. Another speculation is that he was eliminated due to his involvement in an attempt to assassinate Lenin.
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