Such ... World Heritage Encyclopedia, the aggregation of the largest online encyclopedias available, and the most definitive collection ever assembled. For Gareth Evans (The Varieties of Reference, Oxford, 1982; pp. All Rights Reserved. OUP is the world's largest university press with the widest global presence. The Causal Theory of Names. It is published as an on-line journal in March, June and September 0000005963 00000 n significant contemporary theories are the causal theory whose champion is Saul Kripke (Kripke 1972) and the descriptive theory supported by Gareth Evans (Evans 1973). After the initial baptism, the use of the name in the presence of the person can, under Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume 47 (1):187–208 (1973) Abstract This article has no associated abstract. 0000000875 00000 n theory, and warning that not every causal link between speakers succeeds in preserving reference. Note: Kripke’s account left many details out, so we needn’t necessarily see these as objections or counterexamples to his account. Gareth Evans, in The Causal Theory of Names, states that the causal theory of reference needs to be expanded to include what he calls multiple "bases". In it, we will explore causal theories of names (as the title suggests). (fix it) Keywords No keywords specified (fix it) Categories Causal Theories of Reference in Philosophy of Language. Google Scholar [6] The Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society contains the papers 51 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 53 /H [ 875 302 ] /L 26079 /E 6192 /N 7 /T 24941 >> endobj xref 51 17 0000000016 00000 n In an addendum he remarks: Gareth Evans has pointed out that similar cases of reference shift arise What the name denotes upon a particular occasion of its use when this is understood as being partly determinative of what the speaker strictly and 14 (August 16, 1973), pp. Gareth Evans proposed in 'The Causal Theory of Names' (1973) and revised in The Varieties of Reference (1982).1 Evans argued that the bearer of a proper name, as used by a community of speakers, is the dominant causal source of the information that members of the community associate with the name. The account is built around an intuitive claim about reference fixing: the claim that I am a participant in a practice of using α to refer to ο only if my uses of α are constrained by the representationally relevant ways it is possible for o to behave. Gareth Evans Gareth Evans (1946 – 1980) studied Philosophy, Politics and Economics (1964–67) at ... ‘The causal theory of names’, Evans contrasted two theories about the reference of names, the description theory and the causal theory. theory of names). The book considers different kinds of reference to objects, and argues for a number of conditions that must … Papers are drawn from Gareth Evans (philosopher) Gareth Evans (12 May 1946 – 10 August 1980) was a British philosopher who made substantial contributions to logic, philosophy of language and philosophy of mind. Kripke, then two hybrid causal theories developed by Gareth Evans and Michael Devitt. 0000001502 00000 n After a brief Introduction in which the types of sentences from the concept of possible worlds are reviewed, and an overview of the theory in the Causal Theory of Reference, I present the causal theory of the reference proposed by Saul Kripke, then two hybrid causal theories developed by Gareth Evans and Michael Devitt. EVANS Gareth The Causal Theory of Names Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society from PHILO 1B02 at Queen Mary, University of London 0000005331 00000 n He then raises some problems for Kripke’s sketch of a theory. We use language to talk about the world. ), The Philosophy of Language, Oxford University Press, Gareth Evans, in The Causal Theory of Names, states that the causal theory of reference needs to be expanded to include what he calls multiple bases. Much of what we say about theworld appears to be meaningful; some of it, presumably, is even true.For instance, I seem to be saying something true when, in theappropriate sort of setting, I assertively utter: 1. 0000005763 00000 n §I raises examples that suggest that a right account of how proper names refer should incorporate this claim. How do we manage to do such things? To illustrate this last point, he cites the shift from denoting something real to denoting something imaginary in the case of ‘Saint Nicholas’. Before we look at their considerations it is important to emphasize that the complete debate at hand here is far to copious to be described even in a contracted Kripke’s Causal Theory 3. This paper develops a new account of reference-fixing for proper names. Gareth Evans: The Causal Theory of Names Professor JeeLoo Liu Gareth Evans: The Causal Theory of Names I. Read your article online and download the PDF from your email or your account. 0000003113 00000 n To be clear about what is … In the case of names, a causal theory … It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. 1. 0000000687 00000 n In a paper which provides the starting point of this en-quiry Saul Kripke opposes what he calls the Description Theory of Names and makes a counter-proposal of what I shall call the Causal Theory.' 439–452. 0000001959 00000 n Barack Obama is a Democrat. Request Permissions. Evans’ Hybrid Theory of Names: A Critique In “The Causal Theory of Names,” Gareth Evans sets (Evans uses the example to support the description theory; I of course, do not.) The causal-historical chain is misleading. of philosophical traditions, including those which are of greatest current interest. 0000003311 00000 n In a word: how do I refer to Barack Obama by meansof the name ‘Barack Oba… by Kripke himself, who in turn heard the example from Gareth Evans: According to Evans, 'Madagascar' was a native name for a part of Africa; Marco Polo, erroneously thinking that he was following native usage, applied the name to the island. JSTOR is part of ITHAKA, a not-for-profit organization helping the academic community use digital technologies to preserve the scholarly record and to advance research and teaching in sustainable ways. Google Scholar [5] Grandy Richard, ‘Reference, Meaning, and Belief’, The Journal of Philosophy 70, no. THE CAUSAL THEORY OF NAMES Gareth Evans and J. E. J. Altham I-Gareth Evans I i. H‰b```¢lö+Àcb�@ΦƒûõM…yVßËZ UÑ. View Evans_Hybrid_Theory_of_Names_A_Critique.doc from HUMANITIES PHIL 100 at Laikipia University. Gareth Evans on the Causal-Historical Account Evans rehearses the ideas—now familiar to us—that motivate the causal theory of names. Evans Gareth, ‘The Causal Theory of Names’, Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume 47 (1973), pp. a theory of how terms acquire specific referents based on evidence. 0000001331 00000 n I will do this by looking at the argument Gareth Evans makes in his article, “the Causal Theory of Names”. It has become familiar to millions through a diverse publishing program that includes scholarly works in all academic disciplines, bibles, music, school and college textbooks, business books, dictionaries and reference books, and academic journals. §II provides such an account. Gareth Evans (The Causal Theory of Names, 1973) raises an important objection. Gareth Evans. read at the meetings of the Aristotelian Society and short discussion notes 2. In this essay I will argue that parts of descriptivist and causal theories of names can come together to create a better overall theory of names: a hybrid theory. I think Evans's suggestion was a major advance. 187–208. Check out using a credit card or bank account with. Evans (1973) did not only point out problems for Kripke’s theory, but also offered a solution. at http://www.interscience.wiley.com. Gareth Evans, in The Causal Theory of Names, states that the causal theory of reference needs to be expanded to include what he calls multiple "bases". In the Conclusions I talk about the further After the initial baptism, the use of the name in the presence of the person can, under the right circumstances, be considered as reinforcing the … With a personal account, you can read up to 100 articles each month for free. After providing a short presentation of Evans’ theory in the first section, I will move on to criticize it in the second section. 0000004020 00000 n The Kind Membership Theory of Reference Fixing for Proper Names117 Tpicos, Revista de Filosofa 21 as we all know, that is not the referent of the name. The Two-Component Theory of Proper Names and Kripke’s Puzzle ... (such as Nathan Salmon, Mark Richard and Gareth Evans) incorporate some elements of the description theory into their direct reference theories. ©2000-2021 ITHAKA. on these papers. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society But then they must once again face Frege’s puzzle. Read Online (Free) relies on page scans, which are not currently available to screen readers. 0000003491 00000 n Evans argued that the bearer of a proper name, as used by a community of speakers, is the dominant causal source of the information that members of the community associate with the name. JSTOR®, the JSTOR logo, JPASS®, Artstor®, Reveal Digital™ and ITHAKA® are registered trademarks of ITHAKA. The referent is the island, not a part of the continent. Today We’ll begin, though, with a summary of the descriptivist position and a survey of several objections to that position. %PDF-1.2 %âãÏÓ Please contact JSTOR or the Aristotelian Society for more information. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions We’ll then move on to consider Saul Kripke, Gareth Evans, and Imogen Dickie on this topic. The hardback volume is published annually in October. Gareth Evans, J. E. J. Altham; The Causal Theory of Names, Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume, Volume 47, Issue 1, 15 July 1973, Pages 187–225, https://d Keywords Gareth Evans Proper Names Causal Theory of Reference Saul Kripke Descriptive Theory of Reference Theory of Reference © 2011 The Aristotelian Society 89-93, 145-151), the subject has to be able if necessary to discriminate the object of thought from all other objects. Causal Theory of Names: lt;p|>A |causal theory of reference| is a theory of how terms acquire specific |referents|. intended as a successor to the view that Gareth Evans proposed in ‘The Causal Theory of Names’ and revised in The Varieties of Reference1. How, for instance, do I manage totalk about Barack Obama and thereby say meaningful and true thingsabout him? Further, Evans will make use of an unanalyzed notion of “speaker’s reference.” His theory combines elements of both the description theory and the causal theory. option. Causal theories of reference describe how terms acquire specific references (especially logical terms, proper names, and natural terms) based on evidence. Access supplemental materials and multimedia. What I am developing in ... causal theory, communication depends on the audience's intention to use the same reference as EVANS’S POSITIVE THEORY Evans’s aim is modest (p. 302): an account of what makes an expression a name, but an account that will allow for change of denotation. Martinich (Ed. In compliance with the UK's Data Protection Act of 1998, the Aristotelian Society's Two related but distinguishable questions concerning proper names: A. Course: Philosophy of Language, MA (Final), Handout on Evans University of Delhi. them: The Varieties of Reference by Gareth Evans.1 It is worthwhile first of all to note, as the title in-dicates, that it is the varieties of reference that are of ... [31] G. Evans, The causal theory of names, in: A.P. Apparently, “Madagascar” was originally the name for a portion of mainland Africa, but (due to a misunderstanding of Marco Polo’s) was taken to refer to the large island instead. trailer << /Size 68 /Info 49 0 R /Root 52 0 R /Prev 24931 /ID[<42185ed4626ffce38637e545d838275c><42185ed4626ffce38637e545d838275c>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 52 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 50 0 R /Outlines 27 0 R /OpenAction [ 53 0 R /XYZ null null null ] /PageMode /UseNone /PageLabels << /Nums [ -2 << /St -1 /S /D >> ] >> >> endobj 66 0 obj << /S 150 /O 206 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 67 0 R >> stream This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. To access this article, please, Access everything in the JPASS collection, Download up to 10 article PDFs to save and keep, Download up to 120 article PDFs to save and keep. membership lists are not available for display within 75 years of initial publication. 0000001156 00000 n 0000001177 00000 n Evans presented two kinds of counterexample to Kripke’s theory: the first sort arising from rule-governed naming conventions, and the second sort arising from He is best known for his posthumous work The Varieties of Reference (1982), edited by John McDowell. Gareth Evans, in The Causal Theory of Names, states that the causal theory of reference needs to be expanded to include what he calls multiple "bases". Causal Theory of Names Lecture 4 Against Evans: Dickie on Causal Sources 1. Review Last week we looked at Evans’ arguments against Kripke’s causal historical account of names. 0000002338 00000 n In the section Blockchain and the causal tree of reference I present my idea of developing a new causal theory of reference for proper names through a causal tree of reference. Select the purchase François Recanati (Direct Reference: from Language to Thought, Oxford, 1997; Chapters 6, 7) requires both specific modes of presentation and knowing-which. 0000002147 00000 n Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Descriptivism and Objections 2. an international base of contributors and discuss issues across a broad range It currently publishes more than 6,000 new publications a year, has offices in around fifty countries, and employs more than 5,500 people worldwide.
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