Jpn J Cancer Res 89:419–426, Nomoto S, Yamashita K, Koshikawa K et al (2002) Mithocondrial D-loop mutations as clonal markers in multicentric hepatocellular carcinoma and plasma. Reiners C, Dietlein M, Luster M (2008) Radio-iodine therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer: indications and procedures. Ward PH (1986) The surgical treatment of thyroid cancer. Patients with multifocal/multicentric BC were exposed to a significantly worse disease-free survival (DFS) when expressing RXR. When grouped, most of the patients were aged between 41-60 years (58%, n=52). Possibly, studies with prospective view, analyzing recurrence and overall survival rates for patients diagnosed with multifocal disease of the thyroid gland, may have greater importance in the evaluation of these patients, although difficult to carry out, due to the somehow good evolution of welldifferentiated thyroid carcinomas. Prevalence of histological types for thyroid cancer. Scheumann GF, Seeliger H, Musholt TJ, Gimm O, Wegener G, et al., (1996) Completion thyroidectomy in 131 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. In recent years, some studies have explored the genetic origin of multifocal thyroid papillary carcinoma. According to Kawaura et al., [32], patients with multicentric thyroid carcinoma show some association with goiter and thyroiditis, although not in a statistically significant way. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Ann Chir Gynaecol. Table 2. Jovanovic L, Delahunt B, McIver B, Eberhardt NL, Grebe SK ( 2008) Most multifocal papillary thyroid carcinomas acquire genetic and morphotype diversity through subclonal evolution following the intra-glandular spread of the initial neoplastic clone. Grigsby PW, Reddy RM, Moley JF, Hall BL (2006) Contralateral papillary thyroid cancer at completion thyroidectomy has no impact on recurrence or survival after radioiodine treatment. In addition, Bilimoria et al., in their study of 43,227 patients submitted to total thyroidectomy and 8,946 patients submitted to lobectomy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma, found differences in the rates of local recurrence and overall survival only for tumors larger than 1 cm [34]. N Engl J Med 331:1259–1264, Simon R, Eltze E, Schäfer KL et al (2001) Cytogenetic analysis of multifocal bladder cancer supports a monoclonal origin and intraepithelial spread of tumor cells. Cancer. Not affiliated (Table 1). Background: The incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing in recent years. Of these patients, the majority presented contralateral or bilateral disease (72.4%), being the contra laterality rate of 24%. Ann Surg Oncol. Also called multifocal or polycentric. In this present case report, a 54-year-old female patient with the agenesis of the isthmus of the thyroid gland with accompanying tissues of multifocal and multicentric papillary thyroid … The debate about the extent of the ideal surgery for thyroid microcarcinomas is still ongoing. Females accounted for 87.5% of cases, The variables analyzed were gender, age, histological type, tumor size, presence of a capsule around the tumor, extra thyroid extension, vascular invasion, angiolymphatic invasion, neural invasion or perineural invasion, presence of multifocality, quantity of foci, location, presence of goiter and thyroiditis associated, as well as presence of lymph node metastasis. Although we found no data in the literature comparing the presence of thyroid cancer multicentricity and tumor capsule, we found, in our study, a statistically significant association between tumors not encapsulated and more than one focus of thyroid cancer (p=0.04). J Carcinogen 3:13, Alaoui-Jamali MA, Song DJ, Benlimame N (2003) Regulation of multiple tumor microenvironment markers by overexpression of single or paired combinations of ErbB receptors. 1, 2, 4, 5 These results support the conclusion of the National Thyroid Cancer Treatment Cooperation Study Registry that multifocal tumors have higher associated risks. 46(4): 115–120. Hawk WA, Hazard JB (1976) The many appearances of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. In those younger than 55 years, the cancer may have spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes but not to other parts of the body. No patient with follicular carcinoma, in our study, presented multicentric disease. Morphology and prognosis. Surgery. Associations between categorical variables were investigated by the Pearson chi-square test or Fisher exact test, when appropriate. Cancer. The main In addition, epidemiological factors, ethnic, geographical and environmental factors can also be involved and have been defended as characteristics associated with thyroid cancer multicentricity [14-17]. Our study showed an association of multifocal cancer of the thyroid with extra-thyroid extension in 41% of patients and with lymph node metastasis in 15.2% of the cases. Davies L, Welch HG (2006) Increasing incidence of thyroid cancer in the United States, 1973–2002. All patients who have familial MTC have one of three variants of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 that are defined by specific mutations in the rearranged during transfection (RET) proto-oncogene.Patients who have familial nonmedullary familial thyroid cancer most likely … These tumors are not included as multiple primary malignancies (MPM), but they can represent a single event of this syndrome. Cancer. Consensus guidelines suggest that low-risk patients with tumors smaller than 1 cm, unique, without suspicious cervical lymph nodes, may be candidates to a less extensive surgery, such as thyroid lobectomy. Papillary carcinoma was diagnosed in 88% of patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 86:3948–3957, Esrig D, Elmajian D, Groshen S et al (1994) Accumulation of nuclear p53 and tumor progression in bladder cancer. However, we believe that, as demonstrated in our analysis, a prevalence of 33% of multifocal disease and, of these, 72% with contralateral disease, should not be ignored, and surgeons must discuss about the extension of thyroidectomy with their patients, even in the presence of microcarcinomas. There is potential for the role of genomics to inform the extent of surgical therapy which should be undertaken for breast cancer. 110(6):936-940. The Prognostic Impact of Retinoid X Receptor and Thyroid Hormone Receptor alpha in Unifocal vs. Multifocal/Multicentric Breast Cancer. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. All Rights Reserved. Multicentric: Having more than one center. A minority of Wilms tumors are multicentric and appear to represent separate tumors. Although the thyroid carcinoma multicentricity is a relatively common situation, molecular pathogenesis, the prognostic relevance and the best treatment/ monitoring of these patients are still controversial [13, 19-21]. Therefore, the presence of multifocality classifies patients at a higher risk group, which implies a treatment and follow up more rigorous [22]. Description of histological findings of thyroid cancer. 396(1): 19 –39. 295: 2164 –2167. In the last decade, the guidelines for the histological analysis of thyroid gland by pathologists recommended that the sections of the gland should be representative only [36]. N Engl J Med 353:2477–2490, General, Oncological, Geriatrical and Advanced Technology Department, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1095-6_9. 16: 1425–1460. pp 129-142 | The papillary thyroid carcinoma and follicular carcinoma are grouped as well differentiated thyroid carcinomas and, together, account for more than 94% of all malignant tumors of the gland. 16(4): 711–716. Bilimoria KY, Bentrem DJ, Ko CY, Stewart AK, Winchester DP, et al., (2007) Extent of surgery affects survival for papillary thyroid cancer. Here are the possible breast cancer types, symptoms, and more. In relation to the histological type, almost all patients presented papillary carcinoma. Radiology 214:59–66, Sardanelli F, Giuseppetti GM, Panizza P et al (2004) Sensitivity of MRI versus mammography for detecting foci of multifocal, multicentric breast cancer in fatty and dense breasts using the whole-breast pathologic examination as a gold standard. DCIS and multifocal breast cancer – pro. Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, Doherty GM, Mandel SJ, et al.,(2016) 2015 American Thyroid Association Management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer - The American Thyroid Association guidelines task force on thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. The categorical variables were described through their absolute frequency (n) and relative (%). It occurs more frequently in women and presents in the 20–55 year age group. 42 Among these patients, PTC occurs with a frequency of about 0.7% to 12%.47, 52, 53 Isolated FTC and concomitant … In DCIS, abnormal cells are contained in the milk ducts. thyroid carcinoma. JAMA. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of the steroid hormone receptor expression, counting the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and thyroid hormone receptors (THRs), on the two different breast cancer (BC) entities: multifocal/multicentric versus unifocal. Pellegriti G, Scollo C, Lumera G, Regalbuto C, Vigneri R, et al., (2004) Clinical behavior and outcome of papillary thyroid cancers smaller than 1.5 cm in diameter: study of 299 cases. Multifocal tumors are not multiple tumors; they originate from a unique cellular clone and grow multifocally in a single organ (liver, kidney, thyroid, etc.). The follicular carcinoma is considered as a unifocal tumor that spreads in the bloodstream, in opposition to the intra-glandular spread. Ito Y, Miyauchi A (2009) Prognostic factors and therapeutic strategies for differentiated carcinomas of the thyroid. This is a preview of subscription content, Wodarz D, Iwasa Y, Komarova NL (2004) On the emergency of multifocal cancers. for treatment of thyroid cancer in a cancer reference hospital, between January 2013 and December 2014. The rate of contra laterality in our study was 24%. Multicentric breast cancer is defined as the presence of two or more tumor foci within different quadrants of the same breast or tumor foci separated by more than 5 cms. Unable to display preview. The guidelines presented by Haugen et al., [5] recommend the total thyroidectomy for all patients with tumors ≥1 cm. Familial thyroid cancer accounts for 25% of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) and 5% of non-medullary thyroid cancer. 24(4): 764–771. In our study, the presence of goiter was associated to multicentric thyroid cancer in 65.5% of the patients (n=19, p=0.01) and 25% (n=7) of patients with multicentric disease presented thyroiditis. Conclusion World J Surg.10(4): 612-22. 124(4): 468-72. For this reason, the objective of this study was to describe and analyze the epidemiological and histological factors associated with multicentric thyroid carcinoma. Shattuck TM, Westra WH, Ladenson PW, Arnold A ( 2005) Independent clonal origins of distinct tumor foci in multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma. Am J Med. A total of 2,418 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients had undergone thyroidectomy in one N Engl J Med 352:2406–2412, Mihajlović-Boćić V, Tatiać S, Paunović I (2001) Familial papillary thyroid carcinoma. 70: 1585–1590. The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing all over the world, mainly because of better access to diagnostic methods (image and cytology) and awareness, with particular increase in detection of tumors smaller than 2 cm [1, 3]. © 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. 11: 1093–1097. Eur J Surg.162(9): 677-84. Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), 2016. 26(1): 1-133. One out of three patients had more than one focus of Patients with multifocal cancer had more extension of the cancer outside of the thyroid, more spread of the cancer to the lymph nodes in the neck and more advanced staging. for 65.8% of cases, most of them non encapsulated (58%). Facebook
Copyright © 2019 SciDoc Publishers. 98(1): 31-40. Site Map A - Z Journals Follow us : Goulart RN, Medina Santos LR*, Borba C, Priscila A. According to Kawaura et al., [32] , patients with multicentric thyroid carcinoma show some association with goiter and thyroiditis, although not in a statistically significant way.
Cancer. 37(3): 147-151. Jen DL, Tzu-Chieh C, Chuen H, Sheng-Fong K (2009) High Recurrent Rate of Multicentric Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. De Groot LJ, Kaplan EL (1991) Second operations for “completion” of thyroidectomy in treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer. Factors associated to multicentricity in thyroid cancer. Stage I papillary or follicular thyroid cancer is localized to the thyroid gland in patients aged 55 years or older. The recent advances in molecular genetics allowed the researchers to challenge this intra-glandular spread. Patients with multifocal/multicentric BC were exposed to a significantly worse disease-free survival (DFS) when expressing RXR. J Pathol. A retrospective analysis were undertaken of all histopathological results of patients who were surgically treated for cancer of the thyroid, treated at Oncologic Research Center - CEPON, in Florianopolis, Santa Catarina - Brazil (reference State Hospital in cancer), from January 2013 to December 2014. Multifocal tumors are not multiple tumors; they originate from a unique cellular clone and grow multifocally in a single organ (liver, kidney, thyroid, etc.). Thyroid. 1 Coronavirus: Find the latest articles and preprints objective of this study is to describe and analyze the epidemiological and histological factors associated with multicentric Kawaura M, Pathak I, Gullane PJ, Mancer K, Irish J, et al., (2001) Multicentricity in papillary thyroid carcinoma: analysis of predictive factors. Lymph node metastasis were reported in 20% of patients. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. Google+
In our institution, the pathologists follow this recommendation, emphasizing more suspicious areas, either at macro or microscopy during the specimens processing. The American Cancer Society estimates that in 2008 were diagnosed over 37,000 new cases of thyroid cancer in the United States, with a mortality rate around 1,600 cases [1]. Hoie J, Stenwing E, Brennhoud IO (1988) Surgery in papillary thyroid carcinoma: a review of 730 patients. 112(4): 734-737. Papillary thyroid cancer or papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common type of thyroid cancer, representing 75 percent to 85 percent of all thyroid cancer cases. Keywords Copyright: Medina Santos LR© 2016. Conclusion: Two or more thyroid cancer foci were reported in 33% of patients and were significantly associated with the Cleve Clin Q. with mean age of 47.6 years old. The differential diagnosis is often very difficult. J Surg Oncol. Results would i need completion total thyroidectomy & rai?" 201(6): 770–775. The Prognostic Impact of Retinoid X Receptor and Thyroid Hormone Receptor alpha in Unifocal vs. Multifocal/Multicentric Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 61:355–362, Cohen HT, McGovern FJ (2005) Renal-cell carcinoma. In a more recent study, Pitt et al. This service is more advanced with JavaScript available, Multiple Primary Malignancies Discussion
Arch Oncol 8(3):135–136, Diaz-Cano S.J, de Miguel M, Blanes A et al (2001) Germline RET 634 mutation positive MEN 2A-related C-cell hyperplasias have genetic features consistent with intraepithelial neoplasia. J Clin Oncol 23:7497–7502, Shattuck TM, Westra WH, Ladenson PW (2005) Independent clonal origins of distinct tumor foci in multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma. 46 In patients with FAP, thyroid cancer occurs at about 10 times greater frequency than that expected for sporadic cases. 140(6) : 1043–1047. 352(23): 2406–2412. Pitt SC, Sippel RS, Chen H (2009) Contralateral papillary thyroid cancer: does size matter? The retrospective analysis and transverse design for the pathological reports were one of the limitations of our study. A comprehensive analysis performed by Ito and Miyauchi [33] suggested that, in some cases of low risk papillary microcarcinoma, incidentally identified on imaging exams, patients can only be observed. Introduction Demographic data for patients in the study. Eur J Nucl Med. This retrospective study aims to determine: 1) the sensitivity of preoperative mammography (Mx) and ultrasound (US), and re-reviewed Mx to detect multifocal multicentric breast carcinoma (MMBC), defined by pathology on surgical specimens, and 2) to analyze the characteristics of both detected and undetected foci on Mx and US. A to Z List of Cancers; Cancers by Body Location; Childhood Cancers; Adolescent & Young Adult Cancers; Metastatic Cancer; Recurrent Cancer Three experienced breast radiologists re-reviewed, … Abstract: Controversy exists with respect to appropriateness of breast conservation treatment (BCT) for multifocal multicentric breast cancer (MFMCBC). The female gender corresponded to 87.5% of the assessed patients. 43: 207–215. encapsulated tumors were significantly associated with multifocal thyroid cancer. 85(4): 305-308. In our study, one in three patients (33.3%) presented more than one focus of cancer in the thyroid gland. 30(2): 102-105. E-mail: lrmsbob2@terra.com.br One of the reasons is that patients submitted to lobectomy does not have information about the contralateral lobe. Sand J, Palkola K, Salmi J (1996) Surgical complication after total thyroidectomy and resections for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. "what's the recommended treatment for papillary thyroid cancer, multifocal, follicular variant, infiltrative? be of multicentric origin. ). Tollefsen HR, Shah JP, Huvos AG (1972) Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. These tumors are not included as multiple primary malignancies (MPM), but they can represent a single event of this syndrome. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Pasieka JL, Thompson NW, McLeod MK, Burney RE, Macha M (1992) The incidence of bilateral well-differentiated thyroid cancer found at completion thyroidectomy. It is called “in situ” (which means “in place”) because the cells have not left the milk ducts to invade nearby breast tissue. Russel WO, Ibanez ML, Clark RL, White EC (1963) Thyroid carcinoma classification, intraglandular dissemination, and clincopathological study based upon whole organ sections of 80 glands.
197(3): 342–347. Multifocality, according to literature, can occur between 18 and 87% [6-12], and the rate of contralateral disease estimated at around 13 to 56% [24, 25].
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